♥♥ Marissa`s Science 09 Blog*

Heart dissection questions:

1)    The muscles are much thicker in the left ventricle than the right ventricle because the left ventricle needs to pump blood and so needs a thicker muscle. The right ventricle receives the blood.

2)    The aorta was very stretchy but tough; it was quite hard to cut through. Also it has a light shade of pink and it looks like a thick hollow tube-like artery. When you reach in the aorta, you can reach to different chambers of the heart, and you can feel the firm veins connecting through the heart.

3)    The main artery of the body is the aorta, and so the aorta has its own blood supply to pump blood to all parts of the body.

4)    There are 2 pulmonary veins,

5)    The heart muscle is made up of Myocardium, the muscular tissue of the heart. The endocardium is in the inner lining of the heart, and the epicardium is the outer layer of the heart tissue.

6)     The Mosaic heart valves from pigs are proved to be useful to replaces the human heart valves. The patients need to take stimulator drugs such as cyclosporine, Imuran, and prednosolone

Vocabulary:  

Blood Vessel: a tube that carries blood through the body

Circulatory System: the system of blood vessels, blood, and the heart responsible for the transport of substances through the body.

Plasma: the liquid component of blood. Plasma consists of water, dissolved substances, and blood proteins.

Blood Protein: a protein carried in the plasma of the blood. Blood proteins include antibodies, hormones, and clot-forming proteins, as well as other kinds.

Antibody: a type of blood protein that recognizes and tries to destroy foreign matter such as bacteria, in the body.

Immune System: the parts of the body involved in defending against disease-causing organisms. Antibodies and white blood cells help destroy bacteria and other foreign matter.

Hormone: a type of blood protein that acts as a chemical messenger. Hormones are produced in one part of the body and often affect other parts.

Clot-forming Blood Protein: a set of proteins that form a hard clot wherever a blood vessel has been damaged.

Red Blood Cell: a small, disk-shaped blood cell that contains hemoglobin.

Hemoglobin: a protein contained in red blood cells that picks up oxygen in areas of high concentration and releases the oxygen in areas of low concentration.

White Blood Cell: a blood cell that forms part of the body’s immune system.

Platelet: a small, cell-like fragment found in the blood. Platelets contain the chemicals that start blood clotting. They break open and release these chemicals wherever a blood vessel is damaged.

Artery: a thick-walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

Vein: an elastic-walled blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

Capillary: a tiny, thin-walled blood vessel that carries blood close to body cells for the exchange of supplies and wastes. Capillaries connect arteries to veins.

Valve: flaps of tissue found in the circulatory system that acts to prevent the backward flow of blood.

Pulse: the rhythmic surge of blood passing a certain place in an artery. A pulse occurs after each beat of the heart.

Heart Rate: the number of times the heart beats in a minute.

Oxygenated Blood: blood in which the red blood cells are carrying large amounts of oxygen.

Deoxygenated Blood: blood in which the red blood cells have given up their oxygen to body cells and so are no longer carrying large amounts of oxygen.

Atrium: one of the two chambers at the top of the heart. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Ventricle: one of the two chambers at the bottom of the heart. The right ventricle sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The left ventricle sends oxygenated blood to the body.

Heart Attack: a failure of the blood supply to the muscles of the heart.

Atherosclerosis: a disease in which cholesterol and other fats stick to the inner surface of arteries, reducing the amount of blood moving through the artery. Also known as hardening of the arteries.

High Blood Pressure: a condition in which a person’s blood pressure is higher than usual most of the time.

Liver: a large organ, located above the stomach that has several functions in the body. These include controlling the storage and release of substances such as nutrients, the breakdown and removal of dangerous substances such as alcohol, and the production of bile.

Excretion: the process of removing excess water, salts, and waste products of cells from the body.

Excretory System: the organs of the body responsible for removing excess water, salts, and the waste products of cells. They include the lungs, skin, kidneys, and other associated organs.

Kidney: a pair of organs that form part of the excretory system. The kidneys filter blood to retain useful substances and remove wastes in the form of urine.

Urine: a mixture of water, urea, and other wastes produced by the kidneys for removal from the body.

Urinary Bladder: a balloon-like organ that stores urine until it can be released from the body.

Urethra: the tube that leads from the urinary bladder so that urine can be removed from the body.

connections. no.3

a)veins

b)capillaries

c)arteries

d)right atrium

e)right ventricle

f)veins

g)lung capillaries

h)veins

i)left atrium

j)left ventricle

 i drew a heart poster and it was due today.
there was a lot of good ones.
took me some time to finish that drawing though.

Homework:                                        Marissa Chai Bl.C 

1)     Carbohydrates are starches, fibres, and sugars and are one of the main nutrients needed. They are broken down in the small intestine.  

2)     Animals store glucose as glycogen for energy and stores glucose in the liver and muscles.  

3)     Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrates contains the most calories.

4)     Saturated fats contain much hydrogen. Unsaturated fats have more space that hydrogen could be added. Foods rich in unsaturated fats are avocado, nuts, and soybean, canola, and olive oils.

5)     Osteoporosis is a disease caused by lack of vitamin D and calcium.

6)     Bile excretes waste and aids the process of digestion. Bile is stored in the gall bladder and produced in the liver.

7)     Rickets is a disease caused by lack of vitamin D and calcium.

8 )     The main function of the large intestine is to absorb the remaining water from wastes , then stores these wastes and then eliminates it from the body

9)     BMI stands for Body Mass Index, my BMI is 9.1 and I would need 2000.8 Kcal everyday.  

10)

–Look for whole grains and other high fiber foods to boost your fiber intake.
-Some labels on package foods contain HEALTH CLAIMS that tell you how food choices affect your health.
-Understand the percent daily value, it helps you compare foods that has a little or a lot of given nutrients.
-Check the nutrition facts on the food label; it helps to choose foods that have less fat, sodium and more minerals and vitamins.
-Serving up nutrition facts, knowing the importance of noting down serving sizes for your own dietary needs.

11) I ate 988 mg of calcium yesterday and the importance of calcium for my age is about 1300 mg of calcium.

12) 
–Teenagers need a lot of calcium for their rapidly growing bones.  
-Iron is very important because if there is lack of iron, then it might cause a disease called anemia, a lack of red blood cells.
-Water is essential for your body; it helps your body stay cool and gets rid of wastes.
-Vitamin C helps heal wounds and helps broken bones heal.
-Vitamin A helps your eyes adapt to darkness, so you can see at night.
-Vitamin D helps your body get calcium and phosphorous into your bones and teeth to help keep them strong.
-Calcium helps build and repair bones and teeth.
-Niacin is a vitamin that helps promote healthy skin and nerves.
-Carbohydrates are the best source of energy for athletes.
-Nutrients are chemical substances found in food and essential for life. There are 20 amino acids that are found in protein.

today we presented our simple machines to test how far it could go and to see how many transformations were used.